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<『NRICH』> The first issue of "NRICH”publishedThe National Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH, Director-General JI Byongmok) under Cultural Heritage Administration(CHA) published the first issue of the English magazine "NRICH" on November 30th to share the latest news on Korean cultural heritage research projects with overseas institutions and researchers.NRICH is a national institution in charge of comprehensive research related to cultural heritage, and this year marks its 51st anniversary. For the past half-century, to preserve and utilize Korean cultural properties, it has undertaken projects at the national level and is actively engaged in joint research and exchanges with various domestic and international organizations.Compared to these domestic and overseas activities, there is a lack of media that promote cultural heritage research achievements abroad. "NRICH" was published in the form of an English magazine so that people around the world can access the news more quickly and easily."NRICH" showcases the significant research achievements in a column format along with photos so that non-professionals can easily understand. There are ten columns with six main articles on research projects that have produced remarkable achievements in each field in the past ten years and topics that can raise interest in cultural heritage.The main articles include research on the following: the research of the Silla tumuli in the Jjoksaem district of Gyeongju from 2007 to the present; the research on the restoration of the manufacturing technology of big jar coffins, which gives a glimpse into the ancient society of the Yeongsan River basin; the results of joint research efforts with overseas institutions such as Mongolia and Kazakhstan; the results of comprehensive academic research on the Royal Tombs of Joseon, a World Heritage Site; the details of the restoration and maintenance of the Stone Pagoda at Mireuksaji in Iksan that lasted for 20 years; the conservation treatment of the Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Beopcheonsa Temple Site, Wonju, National Treasure No. 101, which was carried out for five years. The articles are written by researchers responsible for each research project. In addition, the magazine introduces the following topical columns: the excavation of Bihwa Gaya tombs that were not looted where numerous jewelry were excavated which lead to significant interest from academia; scientific monitoring of cultural heritage in preparation for 'disasters,' which is an important issue around the world; scientific research on scenic sites of 'Bogildo Island Garden'; the characteristics of the gold thread used in traditional Korean costumes. The National Institute of Cultural Heritage distributes "NRICH" free of charge to foreign embassies, cultural centers, and international organizations in Korea and major museums, research institutes, universities, and Korean cultural centers abroad. The magazine will be published online on the institute website (www.nrich.go.kr/www.nrich.go.kr/english) for free public access. The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of CHA plans to promptly and accurately share the latest research information in the field of cultural heritage by publishing twice a year in the first and second half of each year, starting with the first issue of "NRICH".
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Luxurious Ornaments of Silla Women with 200 Pieces of Baduk Stones at Tomb no. 44 in Jjoksaem, GyeongjuLuxurious Ornaments of Silla Women with 200 Pieces of Baduk Stones at Tomb no. 44 in Jjoksaem, Gyeongju - To Identify Gilt-Bronze Ornaments with Golden-Edge Jewel Beetles and a Stone Mortar and Pestle/ Online Presentation at 4pm on 7th December- The Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (GNRICH_Director Lee Jong-Hoon) has carefully excavated theSillaancient tomb no. 44* at Jjoksaem in Gyeongju since 2014. Last month, the GNRICH discovered various ornaments, which tomb owner wore, including a gilt-bronze crown, a pair of gold pendants, a pair of gold earrings, a chest ornament, 12 pieces of gold and silver bracelets, 10pieces of gold and silver rings, a silver belt ornament, gilt-bronze ornaments decorated with golden-edge jewel beetles, a stone mortar and a pestle and 200 pieces of baduk stones and 50 pieces of mica* through this close excavation research. *Excavation area: 349-3, Seongdong-dong, Gyeongju-si, the Jjoksaem Housed-Excavation Site.**Mica: Mica is one of the silicate minerals. It was believed as a medicine for perpetual youth and longevity in Taoism. Styles of the ornament assemblages, worn by the owner of the Silla stone-piledwooden chamber tomb no. 44, are a typical type that could be found in the wooden chamber tombs. In particular, the chest ornament was woven in 4 rows of gold and silver beads with indigo glass beads and Dalgae*. Such style was a design that onlyfound in the upper-class tombs such as Hwangnamdaechong (Great Tomb of Hwangnam) and Cheonmachong (Tomb of the Heavenly Horse).* Dalgae: thinmetal adornments dangle from crowns to twinkle. To consider assemblages and materials of adornments, the owner of the Silla stone-piledwooden chamber tomb no. 44 could be presumed as a royal family. In addition, there is a high possibility that the person could be female as she carries a knife with silver decoration rather than an adorned dagger (裝飾大刀). Based on excavated artifacts, the height of the buried person is estimated to be about 150cm. Overall small size of ornaments, including a gilt-bronze crown, earrings, bracelets and pendants for a belt, proves that the buried person is a woman. The small size of adornments is similar to Geomryeongchong (Tomb of the Golden Bell) among the previous investigations. Although it is hard to identify exact pattern and shape of the gilt-bronze crown and silver belt adornment at the moment, it will be identified through preservation research later. The construction date of the Silla stone-piled wooden chamber tomb no. 44 is assumed to be in the late 5th century considering the similarity with excavated earthenware, styles of gold earrings and bracelets from Geomgwanchong (Tomb of the Golden Crown). Another remarkable artifact is the decorations of golden-edge jewel beetles. Dozens of decorations of golden-edge jewel beetles were found in the upper part of a chest for grave goods, placed at the head of a buried person. Two wings of golden-edge jewel beetles overlaid to form a water drop and were fixed by a gilt-bronze panel in its front and back. Its size is 1.6x3.0cm in width and length and 2mm in thickness. The form and size of the accessories have not been found in any Silla ancient tomb thus far. The ornaments of golden-edge jewel beetles at tomb no. 44 lead to assume the status of the buried person. It is because that the decorations golden-edge jewel beetles had been discovered only from tombs of the highest ranks in Silla, such as the south tomb of Hwangnamdaechong, Geomgwanchong and the Tomb no. 14 in Gyerim-ro. Furthermore, all the adornments of the golden-edge jewel beetles from the Silla ancient tombs were all horse gears thus far. Because of that, these ornaments from the tomb no. 44 could be used to hang on saddlesor saddle flaps. A stone mortar and a pestle were identified together right next to the iron pot inside of the chest at the buried person’s head. The stone mortar has a flat bottomin a rectangular shape. It was made of granite and polished to make a shallow hollow in the top. Based on its size (height 13.5cm, width 11.5cm) and capacity of its hollow (about 60ml), the mortar is estimated to be buried for a symbolic meaning or used as a mortar for medicine rather than a practical mortar for wheats. Up to date, there were cases to find mortars and pestles from the Silla ancient tombs; a set from the south tomb of Hwangnamdaechong and a pestle from Seobongchong (Tomb of Auspicious Phoenix). Although the find location is not clear, there is a mortar and pestle setin donated artifacts by Dr. Kukeun Lee Yangseon (1916~1999). 200 pieces of baduk stones were excavated between earthenware under the feet of the buried person. The size is about 1~2cm in diameter and 0.5cm in thickness and most of them were 1.5cm in diameter in colors black, white and gray. It is presumed that baduk stones were collected in nature and used as it was because there were no traces of artificial process. In the past, baduk stones of the Silla era were unearthed in tombs of the highest class, such as 243 pieces from the south tomb of Hwangnamdaechong, 350 pieces from Cheonmachong, 200 pieces from Geomgwanchong and 2 pieces from Seobongchong. After this period, 170 pieces of baduk stones were found in the 7th century’s stone chamber tomb no.6 with tunnel entrances in Yonggang-dong and a baduk-board-shaped stone with engraved 15rows vertically and horizontally were discovered at Bunhwangsa Temple site. According to King Hyoseong parts (reigned. 737-742) in the Samguksagi (history of the Three Kingdoms) and Samgukyusa (memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), there were records that the King Hyoseong played baduk and the Silla peopleplayed baduk well. These baduk stones could provide the actual supporting data about baduk culture in Silla. Hitherto, tomb owners where baduk stones were excavated were all assumed to be male. Hence, it was predicted that baduk was the exclusive property of men. As the tomb owner at this time is presumed to be female,it is expected to give new interpretation and meaning to the baduk culture. This excavation on the Silla ancient tomb no. 44 at Jjoksaem area in Gyeongju, which has been conducted since 2014, has been in its 7th years this year. Currently, the excavation has been exposed artifacts from the buried person. In addition, ritual traces performed around stone protection for the tomb, burial methods, structure and construction methods of piling stone and ritual acts at various spots have been identified. Through this, various supporting materials are ensured to restore the structure of the medium and large stone-piled-wooden chamber tombs and its construction methods. Moreover, these unearthed artifacts lead to understand the burial culture of the Silla’s highest ruling society at that time. In the future investigation, the GNRICH will closely research and analyze various artifacts excavated in layers. The GNRICH will also restore the structure and construction process of the entire tomb through dismantling investigation of the tomb’s substructure, stone protection and piled stone part. Furthermore, the GNRICH will conduct thorough and interdisciplinary researches on the stone-piledwooden chamber tomb no. 44 at Jjoksaem area in Gyeongju based on the co-operation with domestic and overseas research institutes.The Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, under the Cultural Heritage Administration, strives to make an excavation research that communicates with the people through the real-time sharing of the excavation process, regular report of research results, on-site presentation to the public and various experience programs. The result of this excavation research on tomb no. 44 will be held to present at 4pm on the 7th of December through the GNRICH YouTube channel. From the YouTube, online presentation and question-and-answer session will be in real-time to communicate with the public. The GNRICH YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyvYCBA2aJFa8hIdIpur82Q
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Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage, Sea Cranes and Peaches, Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage, Sea Cranes and Peaches, to Be Showcased Following Conservation and Restoration TreatmentsExclusive Preview of Overseas Cultural Heritage Following Completion of Conservation and Restoration Work / December 4, 2020 ? January 10, 2021, National Palace Museum of KoreaThe National Palace Museum of Korea (Director: Kim Dong-Young), an affiliate of the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea, and the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation (Chairperson: Choi EungChon) jointly present the special exhibition Sea Cranes and Peaches howcasing the folding screen of the same title from the Dayton Art Institute in the United States that has been recently restored in Korea. The exhibition will be held from December 4, 2020 through January 10, 2021 at the National Palace Museum of Korea.The exhibition presents the folding screen entitled Sea, Cranes and Peaches (a theme known as haehakbandodo in Korean) held in the collection of the Dayton Art Institute in the United States. The work had been brought to Korea as a part of the Overseas Cultural Heritage Conservation and Utilization Support Project of the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation. With its conservation and restoration recently completed, the work will be exhibited before being sent back to allow the Korean public an opportunity to view the work for the first time.Haehakbandodo (海鶴蟠桃圖) refers to a type of painting that emphasizes the sea (海, hae), cranes (鶴, hak), and peaches (蟠桃, bando) among the motifs associated with sipjangsaengdo (十長生圖, paintings of the ten longevity symbols). The theme became popular in the royal court in the late Joseon era, and significant number of examples were produced for various state events, including the wedding ceremony of crown princes.The peaches featured in haehakbandodo ripened every three thousand years and thus symbolize longevity. As a part of the mystical landscape of the immortal world that provides the main subject matter of sipjangsaengdo, the cranes, sea and peach trees in haehakbandodo embody wishes for eternal life.* Sipjangsaengdo: painting depicting the ten symbols of longevity ? the sun, mountains, water, rocks, clouds, pine trees, lingzhi mushroom, turtles, deer and cranes.Sea, Cranes and Peaches in the Dayton Art Institute collection is a rare example of a haehakbandodo with gold leaf applied to the background. It is also the largest (painting: 210.0 × 720.5 ㎝) of the surviving haehakbandodo folding screens. Although initially created as a folding screen, it was reformatted into six panels after being taken to the United States in the 1920s. With support from the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea and the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (CEO: Cho Yongman), the work was restored to its original state through a sixteen-month restoration process.The National Palace Museum is pleased to present the folding screen in a space specially designed to allow full immersion, complemented by a video exploring its details and documenting conservation process.An online international symposium will be held in conjunction with the exhibition. The participants include a representative of the Dayton Art Institute, experts on painting from Korea and Japan, and a specialist who took part in the conservation treatment. The symposium will be available to view online via the YouTube channel of the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation.Period: November 27 (Fri) ? December 25 (Fri). 2020YouTube Channel of the Overseas Cultural Heritage Foundation:https://www.youtube.com/user/okchfMoreover, special giveaway events will be held. All visitors to the exhibition will be given bread in the shape of the peaches featured on the Sea, Cranes and Peaches as a way of wishing them good health, and high school seniors who bring their identification slip for the suneung (College Scholastic Ability Test) will receive a file folder featuring the image of the Sea, Cranes and Peaches (as supplies last).Since 2015, the National Palace Museum of Korea has been offering the Korean public opportunities to view Korean cultural heritage housed in the collections of overseas museums and cultural institutions that has undergone conservation and restoration treatment with support from the Cultural Heritage Administration and the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation before it is returned to its home institution. Since 2013, the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation has supported the conservation and restoration of forty-three overseas Korean cultural properties from twenty-three institutions across eight nations. It continues to work hard on behalf of the maintenance and management of the original state of Korean cultural heritage located abroad.The Cultural Heritage Administration will continue to exert its utmost efforts to elevate the conservation and utilization of overseas Korean cultural heritage through its support programs. Moreover, it will strive to widely promote overseas Korean cultural heritage and offer opportunities for its appreciation through exhibitions.
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Evidence for the Construction and Extension Methods of PungnapEarthen Fortification(Pungnaptoseong)The Ganghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (GNRICH, Director YU Jae-eun), under the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), willdisclose the results of the evidencefoundfortheconstruction and extension methods of Pungnaptoseong(alsoknownastheEarthenFortificationinPungnap-dong orPungnap Earthen Rampart,Historic Site No. 11)throughtheofficial YouTube channel of the Cultural Heritage AdministrationonTuesday,December 1 at 2 p.m. * Excavation site of Pungnaptoseong: 310 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul * The official YouTubechanneloftheCultural Heritage Administration:https://www.youtube.com/chluvuThe Ganghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage has conducted excavation of the west rampart of Pungnaptoseong since 2017. At the time, only a section of the southwest wall was revealed on the surface, and only a trace of the foundation was identified through a survey of thescheduledconstructionsite of thenew SampyoHeadquarter Building, which was conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage(NRICH) from 2002 to 2003. The excavation survey conducted from2017 confirmed the direction, scale, and structure of the west rampartalongwith the siteofthewestgate. Horizontalexcavation was undertakeninthisarea for the first time to check how thewestrampartswere constructed.As a result, wooden posts werediscovered in soil layers or toru,whichwasinstalled to build the wallsoftheRampart. It is estimated that the wooden posts were mountedandsoilwasstackedfrom the bottom of thetoruorheapofsoil. Currently, within a single toru*,layersofsoilwerestackedwith wooden columns installed at intervals of 88 to 162cm. A total of six wooden postswere identified. Wooden postswerediscoveredinsingle,doubleandtripletoruaswell,whichwas used tostack the walls of the earthen rampart.In particular, stones are are installed at the boundary between the double and triple toru to support the wooden posts located in the direction and in the opposite direction of the ramparts. The wooden posts in the opposite direction of the ramparts were first identified in the Pungnaptoseong and are presumed to be part of the construction method or the structure of the fortress wall. The wooden posts identified in the west rampart of the Pungnaptoseong are an important clue to the construction method and process of the rampart.This provided important clues to the construction method and process of the rampart. * Toru: A pile of earth that forms thebodyofPungnaptoseong. Pungnaptoseongwasbuiltbystackinga singletoru,whichisthecentralframeandmoundsofsoilwereadded several times (doubletoru,tripletoru). Inbuildingthewalls,the panchukorstampedearthmethodwasused wherelayersofstampedearthwasfilledinthewoodenframesandseongtoormoundlayeringtechnique ofstackingdifferentsoilinalternationwereusedatthesametime. Also, clear evidence of the expansion of the rampart wall was found after the original construction.Anevidenceofthisistheappearanceofbuseok facility, whichwasfound between the originalconstructionlayer (singleanddoubletoru) and the expansion layer (tripletoru). After the construction of singleanddoubletoru, a buseok facilityis laid to reinforce the inner wall of the rampart,whichwasused for a certain period of time. Subsequently, tripletoruismoundedontopofthebuseok facilityforextension.Thetracesofthisextensionwasclearlyidentified duringthisexcavation. * Buseok facility: One or two thin layers of stone on the floor or periphery Pungnap EarthenRampart is a large-scale earthen fortification with a width of 40 to 50 meters, height of 11 meters and a circumference of 3.5 kilometers or more, which is believed to have been expanded several times. The hypothesis on the expansion of PungnapEarthenRamparthas been continuously discussed since the excavation in 2011, but there were various interpretation up to now. Based on the buseok facility(inner wall reinforcement) identified in this excavation, the boundary between the originaland the expansion layersofthewall was clearly identified. This investigation is meaningful in that the discovery of wooden posts used in the construction of PungnapEarthenRampart confirmedits controversial construction method. Inaddition,solidevidenceofextensionofwallsisexpected to be used as an important resource for futureresearch on the construction method of Pungnaptoseong. Based on the results of this year's excavations, the Cultural Heritage Administration'sGanghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage willcontinueto conduct thorough researchandinvestigation in 2021 on the construction method of PungnapEarthenRampart, and take the lead in uncovering the realities of thePungnaptoseong ofthe Baekje Kingdom.
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2020 Second International Symposium on Digital Heritage - Next Digital Transformation: Broadening the Territory of Digital Heritage -The 2nd International Symposium on Digital Heritage, titled "Next Digital Transformation: Broadening the Territory of Digital Heritage,” will be held as a virtual online meeting in the annex building of the National Palace Museum by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) of Korea (Ms. Jae-suk Chung, Administrator) on December 3?4, 2020, in close cooperation with the Digital Heritage Lab at the Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and PoST MEDIA Inc. Sixteen national and international experts have been invited to deliver lectures and participate in discussions for this symposium. The symposium is a series of annual conferences on digital heritage organized by CHA. This year’s symposium is the second meeting and has the following objectives: to share best practices in the documentation, conservation, management, interpretation, and utilization of cultural heritage within the application of digital heritage technologies and to strengthen the professional network among the heritage professionals. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the symposium will be livestreamed as a webinar through a YouTube channel(https://bit.ly/3fqvcVr) in both Korean and English, and simultaneous interpretation will be available.The innovative advancement of digital technologies, referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution and DNA (Data, Network, and AI), is widely affecting cultural heritage policies overall. Such advancements have also accelerated the integration of digital transformation of cultural heritage policies, which are quite different from conventional policies, expanding the roles and values of digital heritage. In light of the above, the symposium will unveil best practices in digital documentation for cultural and natural properties in a holistic way by discussing historic monuments, museums, and cultural heritage and its attributed values, natural heritage, and underwater archaeology. The symposium will also discuss relevant trends, concerns, practical challenges, and possible solutions. In particular, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, this symposium is expected to rediscover the value of digital heritage resources and seek other development potential for the promotion and enjoyment of our shared heritage.The symposium will commence with two important keynote lectures. The title of one is "Potential for the utilization of VR, AR in integration of the digital twin” to be delivered by Professor Woontack Woo, Head of Graduate School of Culture Technology at KAIST, and the other is "Cultural heritage recording and documentation in the pandemic era” by Professor Efstratios Stylianidis, President of ICOMOS CIPA Heritage Documentation, Vice Rector for Research & Lifelong Learning, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The first session of the symposium will be about Digital Documentation: the recognition of less-represented heritage categories, and the following three presentations will be given: 1) Toward building a guideline for the three-dimensional digital documentation of Natural Heritage (Visiting Professor Jaehong Ahn, KAIST CT, Digital Heritage Lab), 2) Digital documentation for underwater heritage or archaeology ? The iMARECULTURE project experience (Professor Dimitrios Skarlatos (Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus), and 3) Digital documentation for natural heritage ? Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tube, World Heritage (Mr. Seungho Jung, Researcher, Natural Heritage Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage).The second session of the symposium will be about Digital Documentation: the interconnection between historic monuments and their broader environments and values, and the following three presentations will be given: 1) Digital documentation (method) for largescale cultural heritage sites ? Silk Roads of UNESCO World Heritage Site (Dr. Dmitriy Voyakin, Director of the International Institute for Central Asian Studies), 2) Capitalizing on digital technologies in the conservation of our heritage under lockdowns (Professor Mario Santana Quintero, Vice-president of ICOMOS, Carleton University, Canada), and 3) Establishment of 3D cultural heritage database and its utilization (Mr. Yeon Gyu Choi, Deputy-Director, ICT Management Office, Cultural Heritage Administration).The third session of the symposium will be about Digital Documentation: resources for heritage interpretation and utilization, and the following three presentations will be given: 1) The mediation of digital heritage to support the values of inaccessible or destroyed buildings (Professor Pierre Hallot DIVA - Documentation, Interpretation, VAlorisation of Heritages, Universit? de Li?ge, Belgium), 2) Use of digital heritage resources within the museum context (Professor Mona Hess, Institute for Archaeology, Heritage Conservation Studies and Art History (IADK) University of Bamberg, Germany), and 3) Cultural heritage, immersive contents, museum ? What to prepare? (Ms. Eunjeong Chang Curator, Museum Digitization and General Management Division, National Museum of Korea). For more details, please visit the following website: www.cha.go.krThe Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea believes that this symposium will pave the way for the development of the digital heritage domain in Korea in all aspects of our digital heritage efforts. CHA will continuously strengthen a professional network of digital heritage professionals from here and abroad and discuss the role of digital heritage and its contribution in the field of cultural heritage management and utilization, including research and knowledge sharing.
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The International Academic Conference "Restoration and Utilization of the Jar Coffin Funeral Culture”- Co-hosted by the Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and the Daehan Institute Of Cultural Properties on November 27 at the Grand Conference Room of the Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage -The Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (Lim Seng Kyeong, Director General) will co-host an international academic conference titled "Restoration and Utilization of the Jar Coffin Funeral Culture” with the Daehan Institute Of Cultural Properties(LeeYoung-cheol, Director) at the Grand Conference Room of the Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage on November 27 at 1pm. * Ong-gwan (甕棺): Large ancient jar coffin made from clay to place the corpse inThe Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage promoted the "Restoration Project of Large Ancient Jar Coffin Manufacturing Technology” from 2008 to 2017, revealing the technology of making the large jar coffin as a unique ancient cultural heritage of the Yeongsangang River basin.This international conference is a venue for sharing and discussing various kinds of information such as restoration of funeral ritual during the production and distribution of the large jar coffin. The first session consists of poster presentation and video presentation, and the second session includes oral presentation and general discussion. * Poster presentation: Thesis summary is presented in the form of a paper poster, attached to the wall, and the author answers questions from interested viewers. Please note that video presentation will be held in parallel to prevent the spread of COVID-19.The poster and video presentation in the first session includes The Jar Coffin and Stone Burial Jar in Southeast Asia (Douglas O'reilly, Australian National University / Louise Shewan, University of Melbourne, Australia), The Study on Funeral Rituals of the Vietnamese Dong Son Culture (Nam C. Kim, University of Wisconsin?Madison, US), Various Burial Customs in Laos (Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Ministry of Information, Culture & Tourism, Laos), Jar Coffin Tomb from Hoa Diem Artifacts in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam (Truong Dac Chien, National Museum of Vietnamese History), Funeral Rituals and Jade in the Vietnamese Sa Huynh culture Yamagata Mariko, Okayama University), and Artifacts from Major Jar Coffin Tombs in China (Cho, Yun Jae & Jin, Young Min (Korea University / Jin Young-min, Ph.D. student at Korea University).The oral presentation in the second session includes The Meaning of Tradition and Succession of Jar Coffin: the Collective Consciousness Revealed in the Difference in Burial Practices (Kwon, Oh Young ,Seoul National University), Maritime Trade and Societal Change in East Asia Seen through Glass Beads (Heo, Jin A, Chonnam National University), The Study on the Background of the Emergence and Development of Jar Coffin Burial Mound in Kyushu, Japan (Lee, Taek Gu, Joseon Institute of Cultural Heritage), Review of the Occupants of Jar Coffin Tombs (Kim, Eun Jeong, The World Heritage Nomination Office for Gaya Tumuli), The Spread of Jar Coffin Tombs in the East Asia and Gojoseon (Jung, In Sung, Yeungnam University), The study on Secondary Burial in East Asia (Lee, Yun Seon, The Society of Namdo), Restoration and Utilization of the Jar Coffin Funeral Rituals of Mahan (Lee, Young Cheol & Han, Ok Min, Daehan Institute of Cultural Properties).The general discussion will be followed on what have been covered in the seven oral presentations, chaired by Professor Seong Jeong Yong (Chungbuk National University, and among the presenters and guests such as Lim Seung Kyeong (the Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage), Eun Hwa Su (Naju National Museum), and Jo Yun Jae (Korea University). In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the number of attendants will be limited to no more than 50, and only those with prior reservation can join the conference. For those unable to attend the event, the meeting will be aired in real time on the YouTube channel of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. In addition, the event will be operated safely and smoothly by complying with the Everyday Life Quarantine Guidelines such as disinfecting the venue, taking the temperature of participants, installing hand sanitizer dispensers, mandating face masks, and designating seats.* YouTube Channel of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage: https://www.youtube.com/nrichprThe Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of Cultural Heritage Administration plans to promote diverse in-depth research to identify the cultural practice of large Jar Coffin and provide a venue for discussion with researchers at home and abroad, continuously creating opportunities to share with the academia and the general public.
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Excavated Gilt-Bronze Phoenix Padlock at Hwangnyongsa Temple Site fromthe Silla and Goryeo eraThe Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (the GNRICH, Director Lee Jong-Hoon), under the Cultural Heritage Administration,will unveil ‘the result of the excavation in the western part of the west corridor,’ is an academic research project for Silla temples, at 2 pm on November 25th through the YouTube channel of the GNRICH. Hwangnyongsa Temple site (Historical site no. 6) in Gyeongju was excavated by the Gyeongju Historical Remains Excavation Research Group (present the GNRICH) from 1976 to 1983. The Gyeongju Historical Remains Excavation Research Group discovered central area, where a Geomdang (a golden hall) and a wooden Top (a wooden pagoda) were located, and the north part of the Geomdang. An Office of the research team was located in the west area of the west corridor, and it was only a place in the whole temple site that remained an undiscovered area. This area has been estimated as where living places for monks might be located, or facilities for the temple operation might be located. The GNRICH has first excavated the northern part of the undiscovered area in the west part of the west corridor (about 8,700m2) since 2018. The excavation including many features such as building sites, drainages, walls, and abandoned roof tiles dating from the Unified Silla to Goryeo. In particular, the building sites are overlapped on the layers; the upper layer from the Goryeo era and the lower layer from the Unified Silla era. As they were overlapped, it helps to understand the trends of space composition and arrangement of buildings outside Hwangnyongsa Temple. A 35.5-meter-long wall, built in the north-south direction from the Goryeo period, was identified about 9m away from the west part of the west corridor. It was built based on square stones of 30-50cm in length, and after leveling it by piling several layers of sizable concave roof tiles on it. Then, stones or bricks were stacked on top again. Based on this wall, it appears to have divided the east and the west. It is assumed that it was built to separate the worship area inside the corridor and the living space outside the corridor. Furthermore,on the lower layer of the building sites in the Unified Silla era, a layer of fine gravels about 5-10cm in size and yellow clay was exposed. This trace seems to be the base of the road. This discovery is expected to beessential data to determine whetherthe west of Hwangnyongsa Temple was expanded further or not if the trace was a road feature in the north-south direction.On the other hand, in this research, a number of roof tiles, earthenware, and metal artifacts used in the Three Kingdoms and Goryeo period were excavated. Three pieces of gilt-bronze and iron padlocks are particularlynoted. It is an unusual phenomenon that three padlocks from the Unified Silla and Goryeo period were discovered within the small research area.It seems those padlocks to besignificant data for clarifying the function of the west corridor’s outer spaces. In particular, a 6cm-long gilt-bronze phoenix padlock excavated from the lower layer of building sites in the Unified Silla era is evaluated as a very characteristic artifact that has not been found so far. The cast gilt-bronze padlock is believed to be a valuable item as it was delicately made to express the scales and feathers of the phoenix in detail. Therefore, the area appears to have been equipped with devices or facilities to store crucial items related to the temple. It is expected that thenature and function of this area will become more apparentas further excavation at this area continues in the future. This excavation result is published online to share cultural heritage when it is difficult to visit the excavation site directly due to Covid-19. Anyone can visit the GNRICH YouTube channel to watch videos about unearthed features and artifacts. The Cultural Heritage Administration’s the Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage will continue to conduct research and investigation on Hwangnyongsa Temple and other temple sites in the Silla capital, and identify the space, function and scenery of the Silla capital. Moreover, the GNRICH plans to expand opportunities for sharing excavation results with the public like this online presentation.
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Joint Statement of the 13th Trilateral Cultural Content Industry Forum1. Summary of the 13th Forum 1.1. The 13th Trilateral Cultural Content Industry Forum was held virtually on November 5, 2020 by reason of the COVID-19 infection status. The forum, hosted and chaired by Japan, was attended by Ogasawara Yoichi, Deputy Director-General for IT Strategy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Ma Feng, Deputy Director-General of Department of Industries Development, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China, Kim Hyunhwan, Director General of Content Policy Bureau, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea, and other participants from the industries and related government agencies of the three countries. 1.2. The three countries discussed the effects of COVID-19 on their respective cultural content industries, their content promotion and utilization measures after the outbreak, exchange through international trade shows and other events related to their cultural content, and measures for international collaboration between their private companies. They agreed to keep discussing, among others, these subjects in the future editions of the Forum for the continued collaboration of the related government agencies and industries, and pursue the following cooperative measures for the co-development of their respective cultural content industries. 1.3. The three countries reconfirmed that the Forum is highly significant as a place for continuous exchange of information on cultural content industry policies and trends, involving not only the governments but also the industries, and for the creation of new inter-industry business opportunities for their respective industries. They agreed to continue organizing the Forum on a regular basis by hosting it alternately. 2. Promotion and use of the cultural content for mutual content distribution in the three countries post COVID-19 2.1. The three countries will identify the role of cultural content that supports society as a potential communication/entertainment tool for the new lifestyle of the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, and strive to enhance the social values of their cultural content industries by proactively disseminating information through events such as cultural content-related international trade shows that are held in the three countries. 2.2. The three countries will take various measures that aim for the sustainable development of their cultural content industries while exploring appropriate roles for cultural content in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Additionally, the three countries will share these initiatives among themselves to cooperatively develop their cultural content industries. 2.3. The three countries will share the information on the existing regulations concerning their respective cultural content industries to clarify the regulations’ content and to apply them properly. Furthermore, they will keep in close contact for the promotion of co-production and other forms of mutual exchange through collaboration with related government agencies in the cultural content industries. 3. Promotion of support for international collaboration in the cultural content industries of the three countries 3.1. The three countries will strengthen international collaboration between their private companies by organizing the Forum concurrently with content-related events that provide opportunities for continuous exchange, including business matching, pitching, and seminars. 3.2. The three countries will encourage their industries to participate in the cultural content-related international trade shows and other events held in each country to further expand the network of cultural content-related companies and promote international exchanges such as an international co-production. 3.3. The three countries will promote lasting mutual exchange between their private companies through online international trade shows and other events related to cultural content in the post-COVID-19. 4. The Next Forum 4.1. The three countries have agreed that the People’s Republic of China will host the next Forum. The Republic of Korea and Japan will positively support the People’s Republic of China vis-à-vis the participation of related government agencies and industries in the Forum and the management of the Forum. 4.2. The three countries have agreed to hold the 14th Forum in 2021. This joint statement has been adopted at the 13th Trilateral Cultural Content Industry Forum held on November 5, 2020 in Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and English, each text being equally valid. In case of any divergence in interpretation, the English text will prevail.
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Dokdo & East SeaDokdo in the East Sea is Korean territory, geographically and by international law. Japan's attempts to seize Dokdo deny historical records. Not only has the East Sea designation been in continuous use for over 2,000 years, it is also inappropriate to name a sea after a single country. In this menu, we provide the Korean government's official positions on Dokdo and the East Sea, accompanied by related historical records and multimedia content.
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Japan's info center breaks pledge made to worldJapan's info center breaks pledge made to world The Korean government on June 15, 2020, condemned the Japanese government for claiming no discrimination against Korean forced workers occurred in an exhibition at the Industrial Heritage Information Centre in Tokyo. In its spokesperson's statement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, "The Japanese government had pledged that as a concrete follow-up action to implement a World Heritage Committee (WHC) recommendation, it would take measures allowing the understanding that many Koreans and others were brought against their will and forced to work under harsh conditions, a fact Japan itself acknowledged.""However, it is deeply regrettable that the center exhibits content that directly contradicts the commitment made by the Japanese government and completely distorts historical facts." The WHC advised Japan to prepare an interpretive strategy for the presentation of 23 sites, including Hashima Island, to allow an understanding of the full history of each site. In response, Japan pledged to admit to committing forced labor mobilization involving Koreans and other workers and to build an information center to educate the public about the issue. http://www.korea.net/Government/Current-Affairs/National-Affairs?affairId=2045
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