2024.03.29 (금)

Evidence for the Construction and Extension Methods of PungnapEarthen Fortification(Pungnaptoseong)
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Evidence for the Construction and Extension Methods of PungnapEarthen Fortification(Pungnaptoseong)

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The Ganghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (GNRICH, Director YU Jae-eun), under the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), willdisclose the results of the evidencefoundfortheconstruction and extension methods of Pungnaptoseong(alsoknownastheEarthenFortificationinPungnap-dong orPungnap Earthen Rampart,Historic Site No. 11)throughtheofficial YouTube channel of the Cultural Heritage AdministrationonTuesday,December 1 at 2 p.m.
  * Excavation site of Pungnaptoseong: 310 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul
  * The official YouTubechanneloftheCultural Heritage Administration:https://www.youtube.com/chluvu

The Ganghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage has conducted excavation of the west rampart of Pungnaptoseong since 2017. At the time, only a section of the southwest wall was revealed on the surface, and only a trace of the foundation was identified through a survey of thescheduledconstructionsite of thenew SampyoHeadquarter Building, which was conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage(NRICH) from 2002 to 2003. The excavation survey conducted from2017 confirmed the direction, scale, and structure of the west rampartalongwith the siteofthewestgate.

 Horizontalexcavation was undertakeninthisarea for the first time to check how thewestrampartswere constructed.As a result, wooden posts werediscovered in soil layers or toru,whichwasinstalled to build the wallsoftheRampart. It is estimated that the wooden posts were mountedandsoilwasstackedfrom the bottom of thetoruorheapofsoil. Currently, within a single toru*,layersofsoilwerestackedwith wooden columns installed at intervals of 88 to 162cm. A total of six wooden postswere identified. Wooden postswerediscoveredinsingle,doubleandtripletoruaswell,whichwas used tostack the walls of the earthen rampart.In particular, stones are are installed at the boundary between the double and triple toru to support the wooden posts located in the direction and in the opposite direction of the ramparts. The wooden posts in the opposite direction of the ramparts were first identified in the Pungnaptoseong and are presumed to be part of the construction method or the structure of the fortress wall. The wooden posts identified in the west rampart of the Pungnaptoseong are an important clue to the construction method and process of the rampart.This provided important clues to the construction method and process of the rampart.

  * Toru: A pile of earth that forms thebodyofPungnaptoseong. Pungnaptoseongwasbuiltbystackinga singletoru,whichisthecentralframeandmoundsofsoilwereadded several times (doubletoru,tripletoru). Inbuildingthewalls,the panchukorstampedearthmethodwasused wherelayersofstampedearthwasfilledinthewoodenframesandseongtoormoundlayeringtechnique ofstackingdifferentsoilinalternationwereusedatthesametime.
 
Also, clear evidence of the expansion of the rampart wall was found after the original construction.Anevidenceofthisistheappearanceofbuseok facility, whichwasfound between the originalconstructionlayer (singleanddoubletoru) and the expansion layer (tripletoru). After the construction of singleanddoubletoru, a buseok facilityis laid to reinforce the inner wall of the rampart,whichwasused for a certain period of time. Subsequently, tripletoruismoundedontopofthebuseok facilityforextension.Thetracesofthisextensionwasclearlyidentified duringthisexcavation.
 * Buseok facility: One or two thin layers of stone on the floor or periphery
 
 Pungnap EarthenRampart is a large-scale earthen fortification with a width of 40 to 50 meters, height of 11 meters and a circumference of 3.5 kilometers or more, which is believed to have been expanded several times. The hypothesis on the expansion of PungnapEarthenRamparthas been continuously discussed since the excavation in 2011, but there were various interpretation up to now. Based on the buseok facility(inner wall reinforcement) identified in this excavation, the boundary between the originaland the expansion layersofthewall was clearly identified.
 
This investigation is meaningful in that the discovery of wooden posts used in the construction of PungnapEarthenRampart confirmedits controversial construction method. Inaddition,solidevidenceofextensionofwallsisexpected to be used as an important resource for futureresearch on the construction method of Pungnaptoseong.
 
 Based on the results of this year's excavations, the Cultural Heritage Administration'sGanghwa National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage willcontinueto conduct thorough researchandinvestigation in 2021 on the construction method of PungnapEarthenRampart, and take the lead in uncovering the realities of thePungnaptoseong ofthe Baekje Kingdom.